细节事实题是医学考博英语阅读理解中占比最高（约50%）的题型，但考生常因定位偏差、同义替换陷阱或逻辑关系误判导致失分。以下结合真题案例，系统梳理四大核心陷阱及应对方法。

一、定位偏差陷阱：关键词选择错误导致答案错位

陷阱本质：考生误将非核心信息词（如地名、时间）作为定位依据，忽略题干核心动作或对象。

案例1
段落：
"Two species of deer inhabit the Puget Sound region. The black-tailed deer, a lowland species, now dominates the area. The Columbian white-tailed deer, once common in open prairies, now survives only in marshy islands. A 2018 study revealed that 80% of white-tailed deer habitats have been lost since 1990 due to urbanization."

题目：
According to the paragraph, which statement is true about the Columbian white-tailed deer?
A. It is the dominant species in Puget Sound.
B. It originally inhabited lowland areas.
C. Its habitat loss exceeds 80% since 1990.
D. It now resides exclusively in marshy islands.

易错点：考生若以"Puget Sound"或"1990"定位，可能误选A或C。
解析：正确关键词应为"Columbian white-tailed deer"，定位至第三句"now survives only in marshy islands"，对应D选项。A项偷换主语（原文主语为black-tailed deer），B项范围错误（原文"open prairies"≠"lowland"），C项偷换概念（80%为所有白尾鹿栖息地损失，非特指哥伦比亚亚种）。

案例2
段落：
"A 2022 survey of 10,000 European footballers found that 35% suffered from fungal foot infections. The prevalence was highest in Eastern Europe (85% in Russia), while Spain recorded the lowest rate (9%). Researchers attributed this disparity to climate and hygiene practices: humid environments and shared locker rooms facilitate fungal growth."

题目：
Which factor is NOT mentioned as contributing to fungal infection rates among footballers?
A. Geographic location
B. Footwear material
C. Climate conditions
D. Locker room hygiene

易错点：考生可能因"footwear"在医学语境中的常见性而误选B。
解析：定位至最后一句"climate and hygiene practices"，仅提及气候（C）和卫生（D），地理差异（A）通过"Eastern Europe/Spain"暗示，未提及鞋材（B）。

二、同义替换陷阱：词汇变形导致信息失真

陷阱本质：出题者通过近义词替换、词性转换或否定结构隐藏正确信息。

案例1
段落：
"The Achilles Project analyzed 76,475 foot samples across Europe, revealing that 26% had athlete's foot (Tinea pedis), while 30% exhibited Onychomycosis, a nail-deforming fungal infection. Notably, regular exercisers under 40 faced a 40% higher infection risk than sedentary individuals."

题目：
What percentage of samples showed signs of nail infection?
A. 26%
B. 30%
C. 40%
D. 56%

易错点：考生可能混淆"athlete's foot"（足癣）与"nail infection"（甲癣）。
解析：原文明确区分两种感染："Tinea pedis"（足癣）对应26%，"Onychomycosis"（甲癣）对应30%，故B正确。A项为干扰项，C项为风险增幅，D项为两者相加（无依据）。

案例2
段落：
"A 2023 meta-analysis concluded that intermittent fasting reduces visceral fat by 15% over six months, whereas continuous calorie restriction achieves only a 7% reduction. However, fasting groups reported higher dropout rates (22%) compared to diet groups (11%), suggesting compliance challenges."

题目：
How much more visceral fat did intermittent fasting reduce compared to continuous dieting?
A. 7%
B. 8%
C. 15%
D. 22%

易错点：考生可能直接选取绝对数值（15%或7%）而忽略比较关系。
解析：题干要求计算差值（15%-7%=8%），故B正确。A项为连续饮食效果，C项为间歇性禁食效果，D项为退出率（无关数据）。