昆明理工大学2019年博士研究生入学考试考博英语真题

2020-06-30 15:00点击次数:6364

昆明理工大学2019年博士研究生入学考试考博英语真题
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昆明理工大学2019年博士研究生招生考试试题A

考试科目代码:1111                考试科目名称 : 英语          
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Section I Structure and Vocabulary ( 15 points )
Directions: In this part, there are fifteen incomplete sentences. For each sentence four alternatives A, B, C or D are given. Decide which of the alternatives best completes the sentence and mark the corresponding letter on your ANSWER SHEET.
  1. Uncertainty about the economy is ___________ as serious unemployment takes place.
  1. limited  B. anywhere   C. decreased  D. widespread
  1. Despite an easy-going man in character, Professor Harris’s comments on some academic arguments can be rather _______at times.
  1. harsh   B. precise   C.  pleasant   D. satiate
  1. In reading a newspaper, the editorial page is highly recommended not only for vocabulary but also for structuring and presenting thought.
A  worthy of  B  wordy of   C  remembered  D  recommenced
  1. Being late for an appointment is annoying.
  1. irrigating  B. intriguing  C. irritating  D. intimidating
  1. The criminal was asked to aid police in their inquiry.
  1. interview   B. question   C. investigation   D. interrogation
  1. Tourists are being offered an excursion to see the biggest slum in Asia and experience for themselves the ____ the lives of the rich and the poor.
  1. disparity of   B. difference between   C. disparity between   D. difference of
  1. Ask anyone why there is an obesity ______ and they will tell you that it's all down to eating too much and burning too few calories.
  1. popularity   B. currency   C. present  D. epidemic
8. As a result of his method for early music education, Shinichi Suzuki _________ one of the world’s great violin teachers.
A. knows that   B. has been known as  C. is well known of  D. has been known for
9. There are now many kinds of dictionaries, such as a dictionary of synonyms and antonyms, a biographical dictionary, and a geographical dictionary _____.
A. with pronunciations given   B. that has pronunciations given
C. that have pronunciations given  D. that do have pronunciations given
10.  Each night when______ , my parents lit the fire in the bedroom.
A. the temperature fell  B. that the temperature did fall  
C. the temperature fell down  D. because the temperature fell
11. With  ______spring, plants in the wildness grew greener.
A  the advent of  B  arriving at  C  is arrived in  D advention of
12.  __________the importance of taking notes in class in the first year of college.
A. Little did he realize  B. A little he realized  C.He realized a little  D. He did realize little
13. Each occupation has its own jargon ; bankers, lawyers and computer professionals, for example, all use among themselves language which outsiders _________.
  1. have difficulty to follow   B. have difficult following  C. have difficulty following  D. have difficulty of following
  1. Many people at that time believed that spices _______ food; however, Hall found that many marketed spices were teeming with bacteria, moulds and yeasts.
  1. helped preserve  B. help preserve  C. helps preserve  D. help to preserve
  1. General Patton outwitted his enemy in that he trained his soldiers into an army always ready to fight anytime and anywhere. Here “outwitted” could be replaced with ____.
  1. was as smart as  B. was so wise that   C. was cleverer than   D. was never so cunning as

Section II.  Reading Comprehension ( 40 points )
Directions: There are five passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked with A, B, C and D. You should decide on the BEST choices and then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer SHEET.
Passage One
I recently revisited the city which I was born in, which is a place well known for a castle built on a rock overlooking the surrounding plains, and even better known for a legendary figure who robbed the rich to give to the poor. As I toured the castle and its museum, visited the town center, and roamed around old haunts, I reflected on how the buildings that people of different eras build reflect their central preoccupations.
The castle was originally built in the eleventh century, and remained important for several centuries. Throughout the medieval period castles and fortified houses were built. The powerful landowners surveyed and dominated the surrounding lands, the source of their wealth and prestige.
Once the industrial era began, castles were sidelined. The merchants and factory owners built town halls, churches, factories and imposing office buildings. The town center reflects this era. An imposing town hall, complete with massive pillars and monumental lions, overlooks the town square. The square is surrounded by equally massive blocks of shops, banks and offices, built to reflect the power of trade in the heyday of the British Empire.
Most people, who enter the city today never visit the castle or the old market square, head for the two shopping malls situated at either end of the city center. Here the visitor can shop to their hearts content in an environment of glass and polished chrome. Modern man is no longer a warrior defending his land, or a builder of churches, or a governor of people: he is primarily a consumer. The buildings our generation leaves to posterity will reflect our predominant interest--- shopping.
  1.  The author's approach to the topic can best be described as
  1. How people change their mind when paying a visit
  2. Tourists today are less historical-minded
  3. A comparative look between the old and the modern
  4. Shopping is more significant than castle visits
  1. According to the author, the central preoccupation of different eras could be reflected through _____.
  1. their lands   B. their interests  C. the plains that could be overlooked  D. the way they make their buildings
  1. Castles prove to be useful, in this passage, _____.
  1. before the industrial revolution   B. when tourists want to shop in them
C. as merchants and governors like them to be    D. because they are imposing
  1. Which of the following is the symbol of the British Empire, according to the passage?
  1. The castles and fortified houses.  B. Massive blocks of shops, banks and offices.  
C. Building with glass and polished chrome.  D. Town halls, churches, factories and imposing office buildings

    Passage Two
The study of ecology has taught us that diversity is important to stability in the natural world. Modern agricultural practices and other human interventions in the environment reduces the number of interacting species making the ecosystem vulnerable and unstable.
Similarly, human society in its progress toward the cliched global village is liable to make the world less stable not more stable. We are eliminating languages, traditional diets, and eroding cultural practices at an alarming rate. The whole world wants to speak the same language, eat the same food and wear the same clothes. But will this homogeneity be good for the human species? Biologists would tend to say no.
Certainly a world where we can all understand each other and share common interests is appealing on one level. But how infinitely poorer we will all be if we travel 5000 miles from home only to find no new people, no new places, no new ways of living, just a copy of what you experience back home.
  1. According to the author, to speak the same language, eat the same food and wear the same clothes are _____.
  1. the wishes of people around the world    
  2. study of biology is of primary important  
  3. of more demerits than merits    
D. keeping the world stable
21. The author implies that ______.
  1. human intervention into the natural environment may reduce the number of species  
  2. human intervention into the natural environment may cause the invulnerability of ecosystem
C. agricultural practices influence interaction between species  
D. agricultural practice is one of the causes for the stability of ecosystem.
22. It is true, according to the passage, that  ____.
  1. if we travel 5,000 miles, we will become poorer  
  2. traveling to new places and meeting new people will make us poorer than ever   
  3. if we cannot see the differences when traveling afar, whats the use of traveling?  
D. if we cannot see the differences when traveling afar, we can infinitely eat the same food and wear the same clothes
23. The word homogeneity may probably mean______.
  1. homo sapiens   B. homosexuality   C. sameness   D. homeliness

    Passage Three
Smith’s 1776 work, "An Inquiry Into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations," also shortened as "The Wealth of Nations," appeared at the dawn of industrial development in Europe. While critics note that Smith didn't invent many of the ideas that he wrote about, he was the first person to compile and publish them in a format designed to explain them to the average reader of the day. As a result, he is responsible for popularizing many of the ideas that underpin the school of thought that became known as classical economics.
Other economists built on Smith's work to solidify 
classical economic theory,which would become the dominant school of economic thought through the Great Depression. In this book, Smith discussed the stages of evolution of society, from a hunter stage without property rights or fixed residences to nomadic agriculture with shifting residences. A feudal society is the next stage. In this stage, laws, and property rights are established to protect privileged classes. Laissez-faire (自由放任)or free markets characterize modern society in which new institutions are established to conduct market transactions. 
Laissez-faire philosophies, such as minimizing the role of government intervention and taxation in the free markets, and the idea that an "invisible hand" guides supply and demand are among the key ideas Smith's writing is responsible for promoting. These ideas reflect the concept that each person, by looking out for him or herself, inadvertently helps to create the best outcome for all. "It is not from the benevolence of the butcher, the brewer, or the baker, that we can expect our dinner, but from their regard to their own interest," Smith wrote.
  1. In the 1st paragraph, the author says that  ____.
  1. ideas in the Wealth of Nationshad never been known to ordinary readers before Smith proposed them  
  2. it was not until the publication of Smiths book did some of the ideas become popular   
  3. these ideas had long been known to people in Europe but Smith framed them into his writing
  4. Smith didnt invent any of these ideas that he wrote about,but he was the first to know about them.
  1. In the 2nd paragraph, Smith divided stages of social evolution into _____.
  1. three stages, i.e., hunter stage, stage of nomadic agriculture and stage of feudal society and each is distinguished with property right  
  2. two stages, i.e., stage of hunter and nomadic agriculture, and stage of feudal society and each is distinguished with fixed residence  
  3. four stages, i.e., hunter stage, stage of nomadic agriculture, stage of feudal society and stage of privileged classes, each distinguished with shifting residence  
D. three stages, i.e., hunter stage, stage of nomadic agriculture and stage of feudal society, each distinguished with fixed residence, shifting residence and property right
26. Which of the following is not the key idea of Adam Smith?
  1. There is an invisible hand guiding supply and demand in the free market.
  2. Government should give the least intervention into the market.
  3. Each person should work inadvertently on their own.
  4. A bakers interest may bring us the meal that we expect.
27.Invisible hand in this context refers to _____.
  1. demand and supply in a free market could be regulated on its own  
  2. governments role could be self-reduced through minimization   
  3. benevolence of the butcher, the brewer, or the baker cannot be seen   
  4. ideas proposed by Smith are invisible but have to be written and published

    Passage Four
Artificial intelligence (AI) is the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. These processes include learning (the acquisition of information and rules for using the information), reasoning (using rules to reach approximate or definite conclusions) and self-correction. Particular applications of AI include 
expert systems, speech recognition and machine vision.
AI can be categorized as either 
weak or strong. Weak AI, also known as narrow AI, is an AI system that is designed and trained for a particular task. Virtual personal assistants, such as Apple's Siri, are a form of weak AI. Strong AI, also known as artificial general intelligence, is an AI system with generalized human cognitive abilities. When presented with an unfamiliar task, a strong AI system is able to find a solution without human intervention.
Because hardware, software and staffing costs for AI can be expensive, many vendors are including AI components in their standard offerings, as well as access to Artificial Intelligence as a Service (
AIaaS) platforms. AI as a Service allows individuals and companies to experiment with AI for various business purposes and sample multiple platforms before making a commitment. Popular AI cloud offerings include Amazon AI services, IBM Watson Assistant, Microsoft Cognitive Services and Google AI services.
Some industry experts believe that the term artificial intelligence is too closely linked to popular culture, causing the general public to have unrealistic fears about artificial intelligence and improbable expectations about how it will change the workplace and life in general. Researchers and marketers hope the label 
augmented intelligence, which has a more neutral connotation, will help people understand that AI will simply improve products and services, not replace the humans that use them.
  1. The machine that owns the processes to ______could be called AI.
  1. learn, correct itself and recognize speech  
B. to see, learn by itself and recognize   
C. to correct itself and learn by itself and judge on its own  
D. to recognize human speech, play the role of expert and hear what human says
29. The main difference between strong and weak AI is that_____.

A. strong AI is based on more general cognitive ability than a weak one
B. a weak AI can fulfill a particular mission more efficiently than a strong one
C. given an unfamiliar task, a weak AI would recognize it immediately
D. could be found in Apples Siri, Google, Amazon and IBM, etc.
30. Access to Artificial Intelligence as a Service platforms is allowed because_____.
A. experiment with AI for various business purposes could be very expensive
B. sampling multiple platforms before making a commitment is important
C. cost to AI as a service is so high that no individual or company could afford it
D. costs to make AI is so high that no individual or company could afford it
31. The main human concern over AI in this passage mainly refers to ______.
A. whether AI will help them with difficult jobs  B. that AI will finally take their place
C. whether AI will use them     D. if AI will improve products and services

    Passage Five
Scientific investigation is a studious research or inquiry; especially examination or experimentation aimed at the discovery and interpretation of facts, revision of accepted theories or laws in the light of new facts, or practical application of such new or revised theories or laws. While the techniques that scientists use to conduct research may differ across disciplines, like mathematics, physics, biology, chemistry, literature, history, philosophy, or any other scientific field, the underlying principles and objectives are similar. The scientific method, for instance, is defined in The Oxford English Dictionary as “a method or procedure that has characterized natural science since the 17th century, consisting in systematic observation, measurement, and experiment, and the formulation, testing, and modification of hypothesis.”
The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind. It is simply the mode at which all phenomena are reasoned about, rendered precise and exact. There is no more difference, but there is just the same kind of difference, between the mental operations of a man of science and those of an ordinary person, as there is between the operations and methods of a baker or a butcher weighing out his goods in common scales, and the operations of a chemist in performing a difficult and complex analysis by means of his balance and finely graduated weights. It is not that the action of scales in the one case, and the balance in the other, differ in the principles of their construction or manner of working; but the beam of one is set on a indefinitely finer axis than the other, and of course turns by the addition of a much smaller weight.
32.Methods of scientific investigation, regardless of natural science and social science or humanities studies, are____.
  1. different in essence    B. of great difference in scale  
C. similar in phenomena   D. basically similar
33. According to the passage, the difference between a chemist and a butcher weighing something is that ____.
A. the former operates more mentally than the latter  B. the former does it more indefinitely  
C. the latter does it with less principle than the former  D. the latter balances less than the former
34. Which of the following may serve as the best topic for this passage?
A. Scientific researches and experimentation.   B. What is meant by method of scientific investigation?
C. How to demonstrate a hypothesis? D. Differences of scientific investigation across disciplines.
35. Which of the following is true, according to the passage?
A. The Oxford English Dictionary does not mentioned social science when giving definition of scientific method.
B. The scale used by a baker is not the same as that of a scientist.
C.The Oxford English Dictionarys definition of scientific method includes systematic observation, measurement, and experiment, and the formulation, testing, but not modification of hypothesis.
D. The method of scientific investigation is nothing of the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind.

Section III Translation (25 points)
Part One  English-Chinese Translation (15 points)
Directions: Read the following paragraph carefully and then translate it into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET.
  1. In science, validity is the extent to which a concept, conclusion, or measurement is well founded and corresponds accurately to the real world. It has also been defined as an overall assessment of the degree to which evidence and theory support the interpretation of the scores entailed by proposed uses of the instrument. To phrase it simply, validity refers to the degree to which evidence and theory support the interpretations of measures. These definitions prompt questions about the “real” meaning and interpretation of scores collected with health measurement instruments. The word “valid” is derived from the Latin “validus,” meaning strong. In that sense, the validity of a measurement instrument is the degree to which it measures what it claims to measure.

Part Two  Chinese - English Translation (10 points)
Directions: Read the following paragraph carefully and then translate it into English. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET.
  1. 用另一种语言工作可能会又尴尬又有挑战性,但是它也会有非常多的积极面。有专家认为,人们在运用外语时,会在风险评估中保持更大的心理距离;他们较少受到情绪的影响,而更倾向于理性分析思考。其中的原因可能是,如果你在很小年纪就学习外语,说外语时,你的大脑必须更加努力地去运转。在外语环境中,人会更加客观,因为在用外语表达时,他们更加善于避开对自身文化的批评。

Section IV  Writing (20 points)
Directions: Last year, the marriage rate nationwide dipped to 7.2 newly wedded couples per 1,000 people, dropping for the fifth consecutive year, according to the National Bureau of Statistics and the Ministry of Civil Affairs. The rate stood at 9.9 per 1,000 in 2013, and was 7.7 in 2017.
In this section you are required to write an essay under the title Low Marriage Rate: Is It Good?. You must
First, display your own view on whether you are for or against the low marriage rate ;
Then, analyze and present your demonstration on why your argument is reasonable;
Finally, bring your writing to a conclusion or suggestions.
Your essay must be no less than 200 words and written on the ANSWER SHEET. 


 
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