华慧考博英语语法精解:区分 that 与 what 引导的各类从句(上)
在考博英语的所有题型中,that与what引导的各类从句随处可见,部分同学对于这两个连接词并没有清晰的概念,作为在考博英语考试中,分量比较重的语法点,今天我们来详细讲讲它们分别能引导的从句类型,以及分别在所引导的从句中充当的成分。
- 引导主语从句
例1:It is no wonder that when most people think about viruses, finding ways to steer clear of viruses is what’s on people’s mind. (gt;西北大学考博英语真题2016年阅读)
解析:句子的主干为:It is no wonder..., 其中It做形式主语,真正的主语是that引导的主语从句,同时包括由when 引导的时间状语从句,和what 引导的表语从句。
参考译文:难怪大部分人一提到病毒,首先想到的是如何躲避病毒。
例2:What we know of prenatal development makes all this attempt made by a mother to mold the character of her unborn child by studying poetry, art or mathematics during pregnancy seem utterly impossible. (东北师范大学考博英语真题 2017年阅读)
解析:句子的主干为:What we know of prenatal development made all this attempt seems utterly impossible, 其中what引导主语从句。
参考译文:根据我们对产前发育的了解,母亲在怀孕期间尝试通过学习诗歌、艺术或数学塑造她未出生的孩子的性格,似乎根本不可能。
- 引导宾语从句:
例1:The first men to study the nature of electricity could not imagine that their experiments, carried on because of the intellectual curiosity, would eventually lead to modern electrical technology, without which we can scarcely conceive of contemporary life. (gt;西北大学考博英语真题2017年阅读)
解析:句子的主干为:the first men could not imagine that..., 其中that引导宾语从句,介词without + which引导的非限制性定语从句修饰modern electrical technology.
参考译文:第一批研究电力性质的人不曾想到他们出于求知欲而进行的实验最终会产生现代电子技术,没有这种技术,我们几乎无法想象当代的生活。
例2:In the end, we come to see that we are dealing with what may be called a “moral” factor, a sense of guilt which is finding satisfaction in the illness and refuses to give up the punishment of suffering. (中南大学考博英语真题2017年阅读)
解析:句子的主干为:we come to see..., 其中that引导宾语从句做主句的宾语;what 引导的宾语从句做从句的宾语;句中的which引导定语从句。
参考译文:最后,我们开始意识到我们正在面临所谓的“道德”因子,即负罪感,这种负罪感在疾病中找到满足感,并拒绝放弃痛苦的惩罚。
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