考博真题:医学考博英语真题完型中的语法考点归纳(二)
语法题是大多数医学博士考生的难点,今天华慧考博的老师应考生们的要求,继续给各位考生总结真题完型中考过的语法知识点,帮各位老师厘清语法的常考点,以更好地应对即将到来的2025年医学博士英语统考。
【知识点1】with+复合结构 —— 全国医学统一考试2017年完型 (摘自《华慧考博医学考博英语一本通》)
But given its lethality, and the chance it could turn into something far more transmissible, one might expect H5N1
research to be exploding, with labs __59__ the virus’s molecular components to understand how it spreads between animals and potentially to humans, and hoping to discover a vaccine that could head off a pandemic.
A. parses B. parsed C. parsing D. to parse
【解析】本句是 with 结构的伴随状语, “with+名词+现在分词/过去分词……”。同时, 因为 lab 和 parse 是主动关系, 应使用现在分词形式, 由此可知答案选 C。
【知识点拓展】
基本结构:with/without + 宾语(名词或代词) + 宾语补足语(形容词、副词、介词短语或非谓语动词短语)
句法功能:常做伴随、方式、原因、条件等状语,也可以做定语
例:
With machinery to do all the work, they will soon have got in the crops.由于所有的工作都是由机器进行,他们将很快收完庄稼。(原因状语)
The boy always sleeps with his head on the arm. 这个孩子总是头枕着胳膊睡觉。(伴随状语)
The soldier had him stand with his back to his father. 士兵要他背对着他父亲站着。(方式状语)
With spring coming on, trees turn green. 春天到了,树变绿了。(时间状语)
Anyone with its eyes in his head can see it’s exactly like a rope. 任何一个头上长着眼睛的人都能看出它完全像一条绳子。
【知识点2】独立主格结构 —— 全国医学统一考试2016年完型 (摘自《华慧考博医学考博英语一本通》)
All that __56__ , until the last decade, scientists believed that the human brain and its connections were formed during gestation and infancy and remained pretty much unchanged through childhood.
56. A. has been said B. being said C. was said D. is said
【解析】该句主干为scientists believed that…,that引导宾语从句至句尾。所以,All that __56__ 为修饰结构,不能为完整的句子结构,所以答案选B,构成独立主格结构。
【知识点拓展】
定义:由两部分组成,前一部分是名词或者代词,后一部分是非谓语动词(不定式、现在分词、过去分词)或形容词、副词、名词或介词短语。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。
基本结构:
名词或代词 + 非谓语
名词 + 名词 / 形容词 / 副词 / 介词短语
There being 或 代词 + being
With / with + 复合结构
句法功能:独立主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中,其作用相当于一个状语从句,常用来表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。
例:
The meeting being over, all of us went home. 开完会后我们都回家了。(表示时间)
The condition being favorable, he may succeed. 如果条件有利,他或许能成功。(表示条件)
There being no taxis, we had to walk. 没有出租车,我们只好步行。(表示原因)
He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head. 躺在草地上,将两手交叉枕在脑后。(表示伴随)
The boy was walking, with his father ahead. 父亲在前,小孩在后走着。(表示伴随)
结构特点:
① 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在。
② 名词或代词与后面的分词,形容词,副词,不定式,介词等是主谓关系或动宾关系。
③ 独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
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