华慧考博：攻克考博英语长难句需要注意的几点

考博英语，哪怕是考研或四六级，复习备考都需要具备一项能力，那就是能有效理解长难句。报了华慧的辅导班的学员也都会进行长难句的学习。针对目前我的学员提出的各种各样的关于长难句的问题，我梳理了一些导致长难句理解困难的共性特点，主要有以下几个方面，举例提出来供大家参考，希望能帮助更有效地突破长难句。

定语从句准确判断先行词

例：The new body tissue would be a genetically match of the person receiving it and there would be no danger that the patient’s body would reject the new tissue which can happen with normal transplants.

划线的定语从句，有误认为其先行词是前面的the new tissue, 如果不管上下文语境语义，好像没问题，但是从句是句子的一部分，不能只见树木不见森林，不能脱离语境逻辑意思来断章取义判断，根据句意，很明显which指的是danger that the patient’s body would reject the new tissue。句意：新的身体组织将与接受它的人在基因上匹配，并且不会有病人身体排斥新组织的危险，而正常移植会发生这种情况。

例：There are probably no questions we can think up that can’t be answered, sooner or later, including even the matter of consciousness.

划线的两个句子we can think up 和that can’t be answered都是定语从句，其中第一个修饰questions，第二个修饰questions we can think up。句意：也许我们能想到的问题迟早都能得到解答，甚至包括意识问题。

动词多的时候，眼花缭乱

例：The European Commission said on Thursday it would toughen the regulation of medical devices as a result of concerns raised by breast implants produced by the defunct French company PIP, even as a scientific expert review it ordered concluded there was currently "insufficient evidence" that women using its products faced greater health risks than others.

有华慧考博学员看到expert review it ordered concluded时，动词太多，组织所措。其实还是遵循基本的断句原则，即提炼主干、区分修饰，划线部分的主干是a... review... concluded there was currently "insufficient evidence"，其它都是相应的非主干内容；从前往后看边看边断句，具体结构是：even as（连词引导状语从句） a scientific expert review（主语） it ordered（省略关系代词的定语从句修饰做主语的名词a...review） concluded （谓语动词）there was currently "insufficient evidence" （省略that的宾语从句）that women using its products faced greater health risks than others.（同位语从句说明"insufficient evidence"表明的内容）。句意：欧盟委员会周四表示，鉴于已倒闭的法国公司PIP生产的隆胸假体引发的担忧，它将加强对医疗器械的监管，尽管该委员会要求进行的一项科学专家审查得出结论，目前证据不足以表明，使用该公司产品的女性面临比其他人更大的健康风险。

代词指代关系不受重视

例：还是上一个句子The European Commission said on Thursday it would toughen the regulation of medical devices as a result of concerns raised by breast implants produced by the defunct French company PIP, even as a scientific expert review it ordered concluded there was currently "insufficient evidence" that women using its products faced greater health risks than others.

由于it ordered的代词it指代理解有误，也容易造成误解，it指代的是The European Commission。

词语的搭配用法识别困难

例：Most commonly we come to books with blurred and divided minds asking of fiction that it shall be true, of poetry that it shall be false, of biography that it shall be flattering, of history that it shall enforce our own prejudices.

看这句时，很多人对于几个of理解不了，其实这里存在一个搭配用法ask/demand/enquire sth. of sb.（意为：要求/期待某人某事），只不过这里的sth.是几个that从句，而sb.比喻应用变成了poetry、biography、history；且由于从句较长，把位置后移了，避免头重脚轻。句意：最常见的是，我们带着模糊而分裂的思想来阅读书籍，要求小说必须真实，要求诗歌必须虚假，要求传记必须奉承，要求历史必须加强我们自己的偏见。

以上是最近华慧考博学员们频繁出错的几点，提出来共勉。当然，还有其他因素造成长难句理解有难度，比如非谓语动词的用法、虚拟语气等。总之，长难句是需要一定的训练量来达到质变，过程中遇到问题解决问题，单词可以查词典，语法可以查阅语法资料和书籍。需要的考生可以参考华慧考博的《语法基础提升及长难句突破》这本材料，最新版本包含了300句来自各院校考博真题的句子，也有题型的语法知识点的梳理，语法不清楚的语法知识点随时可查。

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