美国人不再愿意为了工作搬家 原因是……

Americans no longer want to move for work. Here's why.

热爱冒险的美国人是出了名的爱搬家，然而调查发现，美国人现在是越来越不爱“动”了。过去，美国人会为了一份新工作搬到另一个城市，而现在美国人宁愿换工作也不愿换房子。这是为什么呢？

After two years of grousing that no one wants to work anymore, America's employers might have a new line of complaint: No one wants to move.

过去两年来，美国雇主一直在抱怨找不到人干活，如今，他们又多了一件烦心事：没人愿意为工作而搬家。

After steadily falling for decades, the rate of Americans moving for work fell to a record low of just 1.6% in the first three months of the year, according to Challenger, Gray & Christmas.

再就业服务公司Challenger, Gray & Christmas的数据显示，美国人为工作而搬家的比例在今年1-3月降到了历史新低1.6%，过去几十年来这一比例一直在稳步下降。

"This is the lowest quarterly result that we've seen, among all the job seekers we've worked with, since 1986," said the company's senior vice president, Andrew Challenger.

该公司的高级副总裁安德鲁·查林杰表示：“就我们合作的求职者而言，这是自1986年以来我们见过的最低季度水平。”

Challenger is an outplacement firm, meaning it's hired by companies that are conducting mass layoffs to help those workers find new employment. In the 1980s and '90s, a third of the workers surveyed by Challenger said they regularly moved to take a new job, but that figure has been dropping for years.

Challenger是一家再就业公司，它受聘于大规模裁员的企业来帮助下岗员工寻找新工作。据Challenger调查，在上世纪80年代和90年代，三分之一的受访员工称自己为了新工作定期搬家，但是这一比例多年来一直在下降。

The trend is evidence of a decline in the dynamism of the US economy, experts say, while also undercutting the historic narrative of Americans as a population of pioneers and risk-takers boldly venturing into new terrain in pursuit of opportunity.

专家称，这一趋势印证了美国经济活力的衰退，同时也削弱了美国人作为敢于追逐机遇开疆拓土的先驱和冒险者的历史形象。

A confluence of factors lead to Americans' declining willingness to relocate for work, according to economists. First, despite businesses' push to bring employees back to the office, remote jobs are still plentiful for white-collar workers — that gives them options if they decide to seek new position.

经济学家指出，多个因素导致美国人越来越不愿意为了工作而搬家。首先，尽管企业敦促员工返岗上班，白领工人仍然可以找到很多远程工作，这让他们想换工作就可以换。

The pandemic-fueled run up in home prices, coupled with the surge in mortgage rates over the past year, also has made it much more difficult to move as housing costs have shot up much faster than incomes.

其次，疫情推高了房价，再加上去年按揭利率的飙升，住房成本比收入的上涨速度更快，这导致搬家难度大增。

Skyrocketing housing prices are a major roadblock to mobility. Nationwide, home prices have soared nearly 25% over the last two years, coupled with mortgage rates that have more than doubled since the start of 2022. The typical monthly mortgage payment for a single-family home now takes up half of a purchaser's monthly disposable income, up from about 30% pre-pandemic, according to research from Pantheon Macroeconomics.

房价飙升是流动性的一大障碍。从全美范围来看，过去两年来房价已经飙升近25%，按揭利率自2022年初以来已经涨了一倍还多。潘西恩宏观经济公司的调查结果显示，如今单户住宅平均每月的按揭款已经占用了购买者可支配月收入的一半，相比疫情前30%的比例大增。

Meanwhile, nearly 1 in 4 existing mortgages today have a rate under 3%, the research firm said. That's contributing to many homeowners feeling "locked in" to their current home, loath to trade it for a new place shackled to a much higher mortgage rate.

与此同时，这家调研机构发现，目前近四分之一按揭房的房贷利率不到3%。这让许多房主不愿舍弃现在的房子，因为不愿将其置换成一个房贷利率高得多的新房。

"[M]ost existing homeowners are not going to move unless they absolutely have to, due to death, divorce, or an—irresistible—job offer," Pantheon said in a report.

潘西恩公司在一份报告中称：“当前多数房主都不愿搬家，除非遇到了不得已的情况，比如死亡、离婚或难以抗拒的新职位。”

英文来源：CBS新闻