美国贸易战损招造成多输局面

Washington's trade war causes losses to itself and world

近来，美国为维护自身霸权私利、遏制中国发展，加紧在经贸、科技等领域推动对华“脱钩断链”。这种损人不利己的昏招，既背离客观现实，又违逆发展规律，损害了包括中美在内的各国企业利益和民众福祉，是一条注定走不通的死路，暴露了美国政客的自私算计和反智嘴脸。

The recent U.S. Census Bureau data suggest that the U.S. merchandise trade deficit with China was larger in 2022 than when Donald Trump was president, said an article on the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace website.

美国卡内基国际和平基金会网站刊文称，美国人口调查局最新数据表明，2022年美国对华商品贸易逆差比唐纳德·特朗普总统时期还要大。

Adding that America's overall trade deficit hit an all-time high of 1.18 trillion U.S. dollars, Carnegie noted that this fortifies the view that "tariffs would not reduce U.S. trade deficits and the costs would be paid largely by Americans."

卡内基国际和平基金会称，美国的总体贸易逆差达到1.18万亿美元，创历史新高，并指出这印证了“加征关税不会减少美国贸易逆差，成本将主要由美国人支付”的观点。

Similarly, the Financial Times recently commented on "waging war on trade," describing the current U.S. approach as "a negative-sum game" and stressing that politicizing trade will surely lead to wasteful outcomes.

英国《金融时报》近日就“贸易战”发表评论，将美国当前的做法描述为“负和游戏”，并强调贸易政治化必将得不偿失。

The slowdown in world trade, the article's author Martin Wolf wrote, the shift towards economic nationalism, and the growing demands in the West for decoupling from China "are reshaping the global economy."

文章作者马丁·沃尔夫写道，世界贸易放缓、某些国家诉诸“经济民族主义”，以及西方内部甚嚣尘上的对华“脱钩”言行，正在重创全球经济。

In recent years, the U.S. bullying trading tactics have caused an increase in costs for international companies, a decrease in their competitiveness, and harm the interests of consumers.

近年来，美国肆意挥舞制裁大棒，导致跨国企业成本提高、竞争力下降，消费者利益受损。

Statistics show that the previous U.S. government has implemented over 3,900 sanctions, which is an average of three sanctions per day. The Biden administration has also announced a "Buy American" rule, requiring any goods purchased with taxpayer money to contain 75 percent American-made content.

据统计，美国上届政府累计实施逾3900项制裁措施，相当于平均每天3项。拜登政府延续了特朗普政府的贸易政策，还宣布将联邦政府采购的“美国货”中美国制造零部件的比重提高至75%。

Despite what appears to be a periodic implementation of protectionist and unilateral policies, American firms are reluctant to undertake such a shift, which could undermine their prospects in the global economy, said Rahim Teymoori, a researcher at the Development and Foresight Research Center of the Plan and Budget Organization of Iran.

伊朗计划与预算组织发展和远见研究中心研究员拉希姆·泰穆里表示，美国跨国企业是全球化浪潮的巨大受益者，并不乐见美国政府的保护主义、单边主义做法。

"Although such economic policies would, in the short term, possibly contribute to the U.S. production sector on the back of the government's financial support and protection, they, in the long run, would harm the U.S. companies' competitiveness as they would lose a big integrated market, in which their connections have been formed," he said.

“虽然这样的经济政策在短期内可能会在政府财政支持和保护下为美国的生产部门做出贡献，但从长远来看，会损害美国企业的竞争力，导致美企竞争力下降，失去巨大的全球市场。”

Domestically, Washington's trade war have caused sweeping losses borne by ordinary people. Worldwide, U.S. protectionist policies can lead to disordered supply chains, severe inflation shocks, and an increase in living costs.

美国发起贸易战，在国内极大损害了普通民众利益。在全球范围内，美国的保护主义政策可能导致供应链混乱、严重的通胀冲击和生活成本的增加。

The United States is not only restricting its companies' overseas economic activities, escalating export controls, and introducing the Chips and Science Act, the Inflation Reduction Act, and the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act to protect its interests, but also coercing other countries into joining the sanctions and forcing others to do things that are not good for themselves, said a Japanese researcher, noting that "this is an act of the mafia."

现在美国不仅限制本国企业的海外经济活动，不断升级出口管制，出台旨在维护美国利益的《2022芯片与科学法案》《通胀削减法案》和《基础设施投资和就业法》，还胁迫别的国家加入制裁队伍、逼别人做于己不利的事。日本佳能全球研究所的研究主任濑口清之说，“这是黑社会行径”。

Kiyoyuki Seguchi, research director at Japan's Canon Institute for Global Studies, said that the U.S. export restrictions on semiconductors have affected companies in Japan, South Korea, the Netherlands and other countries, and even the United States itself.

濑口清之说，美国在半导体领域限制出口，导致日本、韩国、荷兰等国企业也受到冲击，美国企业的日子同样难过。

In Seguchi's opinion, the U.S. adoption of a zero-sum economics policy cannot succeed in the real economic field because "the logic in economic relations is that either win-win or lose-lose, there can be no result where one side wins and the other loses."

在濑口看来，美国搞“零和经济”在现实经济领域不可能成功，因为“经济关系中的逻辑是，要么双赢，要么双输，不可能存在一方赢而另一方输的结果”。

Partly due to U.S. trade protectionism and the spillover effects of previous monetary and fiscal policies, global inflation has risen to a 40-year high and more than 60 percent of low-income developing countries are in debt trouble.

在美国贸易保护主义政策和此前巨量“放水”的货币政策、财政政策外溢效应综合影响下，全球通胀升至40年来高点，超过60%的低收入国家面临债务困境。

来源：新华社