华慧考博:写作与翻译必会语法之比较结构
在考博英语的翻译和写作这种,比较结构是一种非常常见也常用到的语法知识。掌握了英语语法中的比较结构,不仅能让你在英译汉中翻译得更加准确,更能让你在汉译英和写作出写出更加出彩的句子。1. 当A > B 时,用“比较级 + than + 比较对象”来表示。如:
I made more mistakes than you. 我犯的错误比你多。
My room is smaller than yours. 我的房间比你的小。
注意:more/less…than…可用于引申义,表示“与其……不如……”,此时不是对两个对象进行比较,而是对同一个人或物在两个不同方面进行比较或取舍,此时不论形容词或副词是单音节、双音节还是多音节,一律用more…than…。如:
He is more lucky than clever. 与其说他聪明,不如说他幸运。
He is less a teacher than an expert.= He is more an expert than a teacher.
与其说他是老师,不如说他是专家。
2. 当A = B 时,用“as + 原级+ as + 比较对象”来表示。如:
She is as tall as me。她与我一样高。
He gets up as early as his parents. 他起床与他父母起得一样早。
此外,该结构有变体:as+adj.+a/an+n.+as和as + many/much + 名词 + as
George is as efficient a worker as Jack= George is a worker as efficient as Jack.
乔治和杰克一样都是有效率的工人。
She is as good a teacher as she is a mother. 她是一个好老师,也是一位好妈妈。
3. 当A < B 时,常用“not so /as + 原级 + as +比较对象”来表示。也可用“less+原级+than+比较对象”。如:
I’m not as/so lucky as you. 我不像你那么幸运。
He doesn’t study as/so hard as Mary. 他学习不如玛丽努力。
John behaves less politely than Bob. 约翰没有
4. 当A = 数字×B 时,用下列结构来表示:
(1) 用“数字 + times + as + 原级 + as +比较对象”来表示。如:
Their house is about three times as big as ours. 他们的房子大约有我们房子三倍大。
There are twenty times as many sheep as people in New Zealand.
在新西兰,羊的数量是人的二十倍。
(2)用“数字 + times + the size / length / depth / height / width + of +比较对象”来表示。如:
Your office is three times the size of ours. 你的办公室是我们办公室的三倍大。
(3)用“数字 + times + 比较级 + than + 比较对象”来表示。如:
He runs three times faster than Jack. 他比杰克跑得快三倍。
注:若指两倍,以上各句型中的“数字+times”则应换成twice。如:
This room is twice the length of the other, but much narrower.
这个房间的长度是那个房间的两倍,但窄得多。
5. 表示“越来越……”时,用“比较级 + and + 比较级”。如:
Your English is getting better and better. 你的英语越来越好了。
It’s becoming more and more difficult to find a job. 找工作越来越困难了。
6. 表示“越……就越……”时,用“the + 比较级,the + 比较级”。如:
The younger you are, the easier it is to learn. 年纪越轻,学习越容易。
The more money you make, the more you spend. 你挣的钱越多,花的钱也越多。
7. “否定词 + 谓语 + 比较级”相当于最高级。如:
I’ve never seen a nicer bird than this one.=This bird is the nicest bird I’ve ever seen.
这是我所见过的最好的鸟。
How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a better voice.
她唱得多好啊!我从来没有听过这么动听的声音。
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