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华慧考博老师教学:汉译英如何避免中式思维？
谈到翻译，我们首先想到的严复提出的“信达雅”翻译准则。“信”指意义不悖于原文，译文要准确，不偏离原意，不遗漏信息，也不要随意增减意思。这是我们得分的基础。“达”指不拘泥与原文形式，译文要通顺明白；“雅”指译文选用的词语要得体，追求目标语言的古雅，简明优雅。在考试中，一般只需要做到“信达”，即忠实和通顺。下面华慧考博老师就用一个例子将理论通过通俗易懂的步骤付诸于实践。【典例示范】
近读报纸，对国内名片和请柬的议论颇多，于是想起客居巴黎时经常见到的法国人手中的名片和请柬，随笔记下来，似乎不无借鉴之处。
第一步：以动词为突破口，补全省略的主、宾，调整成符合英语的语序。
最近，我读报纸，中国人议论名片和请柬颇多。我想起名片和请柬（法国人手中的）（我经常见到的）（当我客居巴黎时）。我随意地记下这些想法，这些想法是值得学习的。
第二步：加上连词，衔接主从句和前后文的逻辑。
最近，我读报纸并且发现中国人议论名片和请柬颇多，这让我想起名片和请柬（法国人手中的）（我经常见到的）（当我客居巴黎时）。当我随意地记下这些想法，我觉得这些想法是值得学习的。
第三步，写初稿，注意动词时态语态和名词的单复数。
Recently, I have read newspapers and found that people in China have been discussing name cards and invitation letters a lot, which reminds me of the name cards and invitation letters of Frenchmen’s hand that I often saw when I lived in Paris. When I write these thoughts down casually, I think they are worth learning.
第四步：欣赏参考译文，并替换词汇和修改句式，
议论翻译到此就初稿这样就达到了“信”和“达”，即将原文意思准确表达出来了，同时句子间衔接顺畅自然。但是如何达到“雅”呢？因为中文原文语言有些文学化和中式化，所以我们可以再参考标准译文进行学习，将句式调整，学会更加高级的表达。
【参考译文】
Reading recent newspapers, I have come to find that people in China have become more and more interested in discussing about name cards and invitation letters. This has triggered my reminiscences of the name cards and invitation letters of the French people that I saw when I was residing in Paris. Having written down those random reminiscences, I believe that they might provide some useful information for us to learn from.
我们可以从三个层面来欣赏参考译文：
1. 内容表达：高级词汇优先，短语优先
Reading recent newspapers, I have come to find that people in China have become more and more interested in discussing about name cards and invitation letters. This has triggered my reminiscences of the name cards and invitation letters of the French people that I saw when I was residing in Paris. Having written down those random reminiscences, I believe that they might provide some useful information for us to learn from.
2.高级句式优先（从句，非谓语动词句式）
Reading recent newspapers, I have come to find that people in China have become more and more interested in discussing about name cards and invitation letters. 初稿用定语从句衔接，导致句子过长。不如此处用一个代词，更明了易理解，也符合原文句意。This has triggered my reminiscences of the name cards and invitation letters of the French people that I saw when I was residing in Paris. Having written down those random reminiscences, I believe that they might provide some useful information for us to learn from.
3.衔接词汇合理使用（关系代词，关系副词，代词等）
Reading recent newspapers, I have come to find that people in China have become more and more interested in discussing about name cards and invitation letters. This has triggered my reminiscences of the name cards and invitation letters of the French people that I saw when I was residing in Paris. Having written down those random reminiscences, I believe that they might provide some useful information for us to learn from.
当我们欣赏了译文的优点和词汇表达的贴切性后，就可以对自己的译文进行修改，并且下次可以有意识地模仿。因此，汉译英切忌直接从头到尾直接翻译，一定要注意这几步的加工和转换，才能更加符合英语的语序，表达也会更地道。
Reading recent newspapers, I have come to find that people in China have become more and more interested in discussing about name cards and invitation letters. This has triggered my reminiscences of the name cards and invitation letters of the French people that I saw when I was residing in Paris. Having written down those random reminiscences, I believe that they might provide some useful information for us to learn from.
In Paris, all the wine parties and buffet receptions held on various occasions provide optimum opportunities to make friends with all varieties of people. When encountering a stranger on such an occasion, an Asian would invariably hand over his name card to the newly-met stranger with full reverence, with both of his hands, even before he starts to converse with the stranger. Such an act seems to have become an indispensable ritual. By contrast, an average Frenchman seldom takes the initiative to present his name card. Instead, he would simply walk away after an exchange of routine greetings or even some aimless chat. Only when both sides become deeply engrossed in their conversation and have the intention to make further acquaintance with each other would they offer to give their name cards. It would seem somehow bizarre if a French person offers his name card without saying anything to the stranger in the first place.
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