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2022年考博汉译英思路拆解：土地荒漠化
1、日益严重的土地荒漠化不仅导致了生态环境恶化，还降低了资源的质量和数量，影响工农业生产和人民生活，对民族团结和社会安定造成了严重影响，它已成为制约中国中西地区特别是西北地区经济社会发展的重要因素。【翻译思路拆解】
第一种处理方式：
（1）“不仅导致……，还降低……”是背景，放在主干；
“影响……，对……造成了严重影响”则是结果，可作为结果状语；
整句结构可处理为：主干+结果状语。
“不仅、还”可以套用“not only...but also...”，主干部分译为：
The increasingly severe land desertification has not only worsened the ecological environment, but also decreased the quality and quantity of resources.
（2）结果状语可以自然而然地想到用thus+非谓语动词，句中的“影响”为负面影响，根据具体搭配的宾语，“影响……生产和生活”可对应动词或短语“disturb; interfere with; hold back”，或选择动词+表示“影响”的名词词组，如“pose a threat to; leave an impact on; be a drag on”。结果状语部分可译为：
..., thus adversely interfering with/hitting/disturbing industrial and agricultural production and people’s lives and posing a serious threat to/leaving an impact on/being a drag on national unity and social stability.
（3）“它已成为制约中国中西地区特别是西北地区经济社会发展的重要因素”相当于一个概括性总结，可单独处理。主语“它”指“荒漠化”，用it指代；“制约中国中西地区特别是西北地区经济社会发展的”是“重要因素”的修饰成分，可考虑处理为定语从句：
It has become a major constraint that holds back the economic and social development of China’s central and western regions, especially Northwest China.
将上述译文整合，得出译文版本一：
The increasingly severe land desertification has not only worsened the ecological environment, but also decreased the quality and quantity of resources, thus adversely interfering with industrial and agricultural production and people’s lives and posing a serious threat to national unity and social stability. It has become a major constraint that holds back the economic and social development of China’s central and western regions, especially Northwest China.
第二种处理方式：
将“背景”和“影响”分别单独成句，明确两个“影响”之间隐藏的逻辑关系，从而完成串联，例如“民族团结和社会安定”是根基，相较于“工农业生产和人民生活”存在语义上的递进，即可以将“影响工农业生产和人民生活”处理为伴随状语从句：
Worsening desertification has led to environmental degradation and lowered resource quality and quantity. As it disrupts industrial and agricultural production and the lives of local residents, desertification has damaged China’s national unity and social stability.
最后一个分句的处理同上，可得出译文版本二：
Worsening desertification has led to environmental degradation and lowered resource quality and quantity. As it disrupts industrial and agricultural production and the lives of local residents, desertification has damaged China’s national unity and social stability. Moreover, it has become a major constraint on economic and social development in the country’s central and western regions, especially in Northwest China.
2、在中国，土地荒漠化的后果是：加剧人地矛盾，缩小人类生存空间。
【翻译思路拆解】
冒号后为“后果”具体内容，翻译时可直接看作“在中国，土地沙漠化加剧人地矛盾，缩小人类生存空间”；“加剧人地矛盾”可灵活处理为“加剧+人地矛盾”或“导致+人地矛盾加剧”，于是就有了以下两种译文：
In China, desertification intensifies the contradiction (between man and earth) and reduces living spaces/erodes human living space.
In China, land desertification leads to an intensified contradiction (between people and land) as it is eroding human living space.
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