1. both…and…的用法
其意为“…和…都”、“不但…而且…”、“既…又…”:
She both speaks and writes Japanese. 她不仅会说日语,而且还会写。
He spoke with both kindness and understanding. 他说话既亲切又明事理。
【注】作为关联并列连词,它通常应连接两个相同性质的句子成分,但有时后一成分可能省略与前一成分相同的词。另外,若连接两个成分作主语时,谓语要用复数:
Both she and Sophia were pleased with the girl. 她和索菲娅都喜欢这姑娘。
2. either…or…的用法
其意为“要么…要么…”、“不是…就是…”:
Either come in or go out. 要么进来,要么出去。
I want to visit either Paris or London. 我想去巴黎或伦敦游览一下。
Either he did not speak distinctly or I did not hear well. 不是他没讲清楚,就是我没听明白。
【注】通常应连接两个相同性质的句子成分,但有时后一成分可能省略与前一成分相同的词。若连接两个成分作主语,其谓语通常与靠近的主语保持一致:
You can either have tea or coffee. 你喝茶也行,喝咖啡也行。
Either you or I am wrong. 不是你错,就是我错。
3. neither…nor…的用法
其意为“既不…也不…”、“…和…都不”:
I have neither time nor money. 我既无时间又无钱。
I neither smoke nor drink. 我既不抽烟也不喝酒。
He neither knows nor cares what happened. 他对所发生的事不闻不问。
This is neither my fault nor yours. 这既不怪我,也不怪你。
【注】通常应连接两个相同性质的句子成分,但有时后一成分可能省略与前一成分相同的词。若连接两个成分作主语,其谓语通常与靠近的主语保持一致:
Mary neither likes maths nor (likes) history. 玛丽既不喜欢数学也不喜欢历史。
Neither Jim and Jack was at home. 吉姆和杰克都不在家。
但在非正式文体中也可一律用复数:
Neither Jim and Jack were at home. 吉姆和杰克都不在家。
4. not only…but also…的用法
其意为“不但…而且…”:
Not only men but also women were chosen. 选中的不仅有男的也有女的。
He not only read the book, but also remembered what he read. 他不仅读过这本书,而且还记得书中的内容。
【注】该结构中的also有时可省略,或与but分开用,或用too, as well代之(位于句末):
Not only is he funny, but he is witty too [as well]. 他不但风趣,而且也很机智。
若连接两个成分作主语,其谓语通常与靠近的主语保持一致:
Not only you but also he has to leave. 不只是你,他也得离开。