考博英语写作:英语议论文写作模板

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考博英语写作:英语议论文写作模板

一、英语议论文写作必备句型
一. 引出话题句型
1. Recently, the problem of… has aroused people's concern.
最近，······问题已引起人们的关注。
2. The Internet has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has brought a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.
互联网已在我们的生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色。它给我们带来了许多好处,但也产生了一些严重的问题。
3. Nowadays, overpopulation has become a problem we have to face.
如今，人口过剩已成为我们不得不面对的问题了。
4. It is commonly believed that…=It is a common belief that …
人们一般认为······
5. Many people insist that…
很多人坚持认为······
6. With the development of science and technology, more and more people believe that…
随着科技的发展，越来越多的人认为······
7. A lot of people seem to think that…
很多人似乎认为······

二. 结尾句型
1. Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally come to the conclusion that…
把所有这些因素加以考虑,我们自然会得出结论······
2. Taking into account all these factors, we may reasonably come to the conclusion that…
考虑所有这些因素,我们可能会得出合理的结论······
3. Hence/Therefore, we'd better come to the conclusion that…
因此,我们最好得出这样的结论······
4. All in all, we cannot live without… But at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise.
总之,我们没有······是无法生活的。但同时,我们必须寻求新的解决办法来对付可能出现的新问题。

三. 引出观点句型
1. People's views on…vary from person to person. Some hold that... However, others believe that…
人们对······的观点因人而异。有些人认为······，然而其他人却认为······
2. People may have different opinions on…
人们对······可能会有不同的见解。
3. There are different opinions among people as to…
关于······，人们的观点大不相同。
4. Different people hold different attitudes toward …
对······人们的态度各不相同。

四. 提出建议句型
1. Here are some suggestions for handling…
这是处理······的一些建议。
2. The best way to solve the troubles is…
解决这些麻烦的最好办法是······
3. People have figured out many ways to solve this problem.
人们已想出许多办法来解决这个问题。
4. It is high time that we put an end to the trend.
该是我们停止这一趋势的时候了。
5. It is time to take the advice of… and to put special emphasis on the improvement of…
该是采纳······的建议并对······的进展给予特殊重视的时候了。
6. There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of…
毫无疑问，对······问题应予以足够的重视。
7. Obviously if we want to do something… , it is essential that…
显然，如果我们想做某事，很重要的是······
8. Only in this way can we…
只有这样，我们才能······
9. It is realized that…
人们意识到······

五. 预示后果句型
1. Obviously, if we don’t control the problem, the chances are that … will lead us in danger.
很明显，如果我们不控制这一问题,很有可能……会使我们陷入危险。
2. No doubt, unless we take effective measures, it is very likely that…
毫无疑问，除非我们采取有效措施，否则很可能······
3. It is urgent that immediate measures should be taken to stop the situation.
很紧迫的是，应立即采取措施阻止这一事态的发展。

六. 论证句型
1. From my point of view, it is more reasonable to support the first opinion rather than the second.
在我看来，支持第一种观点比支持第二种观点更有道理。
2. I cannot entirely agree with the idea that…
我无法完全同意这一观点······
3. Personally, I am in favour of…
就个人而言，我支持······
4. I sincerely believe that…
我真诚地相信······
5. In my opinion, it is more advisable to do…than to do…
在我个人看来，做······比做······更明智。
6. Finally, to speak frankly …
最后，坦率地说······

七. 给出原因句型
1. This phenomenon exists for a number of reasons. First, … Second, … Third, …
这一现象的存在是有许多原因的。首先，······ 第二，······ 第三，······
2. Why did …? For one thing,... for another(thing),...
为什么······?一则，······ 二则，······
3. I quite agree with the statement that… The reasons are chiefly as follows.
我十分赞同这一论述,即······，其主要原因如下。

八. 万能句式
(1)Some people support it while others do not. 有些人支持，然而有些人反对。
(2)My favorite proverb is...(谚语), which means... 我最喜欢的谚语是…… 它的意义是……
(3)Generally, I am in favour of the conclusion. 总的说来，我赞成这个结论。
(4)There is a famous saying that... which shows the importance of... 有句……的名言，表明了……的重要性。
(5)The message conveyed here is very clear... 这儿所传达出的信息十分明确……
(6)It shows a common phenomenon nowadays that... 它展示了当今一个普遍现象……
(7)Parents arrange everything for their children and spare no effort to do... 父母为孩子安排一切，不遗余力地做……
(8)Measures should be taken to stop... 应该采取措施阻止……
(9)Everyone has his dream. However, it is not so easy for people to realize their dreams. 每个人都有梦想。然而，对人们来说，实现他们的梦想并不是那么容易的。
(10)It is a good idea to do... 做……是一个不错的主意。
(11)We have had a survey on... 我们对……开展了一次调查。
(12)Different people hold different opinions. 不同的人持不同的意见。
(13)Opinions are divided. 有不同意见。
(14)Others have different opinions. 其他人有不同看法。
(15)The difference between A and B is/lies in/exists in... A和B的不同之处在于……
(16)There are several reasons for... but in general, they come down to three major ones. 导致……的原因有多种，但整体上，它们可以归纳为3个主要方面。
(17)Many ways can contribute to solving this problem，but the following ones may be the most effective. 许多方法可以解决这一问题，但是接下来的几个方法可能是最有效的。
(18)It's hardly too much to say that... 毫不夸张地说……
(19)But it's a pity that... 但是可惜的是……

二、黄金模板
对比观点型模板

(一)

写作思路是论述两个对立的观点并给出自己的看法。比如”失败是坏事还是好事”，”少看电视多看书还是多看电视少看书”。基本结构是：提出两种不同观点→讨论第一个观点→讨论相反的观点→给出自己的看法。
参考模式如下：
Recently, we have had a discussion about ________(主题). There are two opposite opinions about it. Those who favour the idea think/Some students hold their view for the reason that ________(支持A的理由一). What is more, ________(理由二). Moreover, ________(理由三).
On the other hand, the majority of the people believe that/Those who are against the idea think/Others prefer to do… Firstly, ________(支持B的理由一). Secondly/Besides, ________(理由二). Thirdly/Finally, ________(理由三).
Personally/From my point of view/I think ________(个人观点). The reason is that ________(原因).
模板范文鉴赏
Recently, we have had a discussion about whether an entrance fee should be charged for parks. There are two opposite opinions about it. 60 percent of the students support the point that fees should be charged for parks, because they need money to pay gardeners and other workers. Moreover, buying plants also needs a lot of money.(提出主题;观点一及理由)
On the other hand, 40% of them disagree. In their opinion, people need a place where they can rest and enjoy themselves. Charging an entrance fee will no doubt keep some people away. Besides, if an entrance fee must be paid by visitors for a park, it will be necessary to build gates and walls, which will do harm to the appearance of the city.(观点二及理由)
Personally, an entrance fee should be charged for parks, for it can be used to protect a park. And fees should be charged low.(个人观点及理由)

(二)

写作思路是：首先给出一个观点，说明持该观点者的理由→说明自己反对该观点→列举几点理由。
参考模式如下：
Some people believe that ________(观点一). For example, they think ________(举例说明). And it will bring them ________(为他们带来的好处/坏处).
In my opinion, I think this reason can never be the point/its disadvantages are far more than its advantages. For one thing, ________(反对理由之一). For another, ________(反对理由之二).
From all that I said, I agree to the thought that ________(个人看法).
模板范文鉴赏
Some students believe that cheating in the examination is reasonable. For example, they think they have too many examinations, which are too difficult for them. And if they cheat in the examination, they will get better results to please their parents and teachers.(提出观点;持该观点者的理由)
In my opinion, this reason can never be the point. For one thing, it's wrong to cheat in the examination because it breaks the rules of schools. For another, we students should be honest and try to get good results by studying hard instead of cheating in the examination. What's more, we should improve our learning methods and get well prepared for examinations.(自己反对该观点的理由)
From all that I said, I agree to the thought that students should be forbidden to cheat in the examination.(自己的看法)
附：议论文写作方法与技巧
英语议论文的写作，大多有具体要点(即论点或论据)的限定，所以并不需要如何地纵横捭阖，如何地旁征博引。但是，麻雀虽小，五脏俱全，一篇几百字的议论文，同样必须逻辑严密，结构清晰，语言洗练，必须论有中心，言而有据。以下从篇章结构、句子修辞和词汇运用等三个方面来分享如何写好一篇小议论文的基本方法和技巧。
一、篇章结构
(一)先有规矩，然后才能从心所欲，不逾矩
议论文的写作，住往从正反两方面来论述，且都有其约定俗成的议论模式，即从“主题句一正面论述，反面论述一结论”四大块去营造文章的基本结构(四块论)。例如，某题目要求论述“学校规定‘课间学生只能呆在自己的教室里’对吗?”这一话题。如果作者认为学校的规定不对，他就应该在文章第一块(段)亮出自己的观点：There is currently much discussion about whether students should stay in their own classrooms or not during break times.Personally I believe that—.而第二块应该从正面论述“课间不能只呆在自己的教室里”的理由。比如可以说：I would argue that break times are our only opportunity to choose what we want to do. 第三块则从反面观点，即“课间只能呆在自己的教室里”出发，批驳对方观点或进一步阐述己方观点。例如可以说：Another reason why people say that students have to stay in their own classes at break times is that it would be difficult to organize dinners。最后一块(段)则用不同的语言再次强调已方观点。乍一看去，议论文“四块论”仿佛有“八股文”的嫌疑，但“四块论”符合人的认知规律，所以值得多多模仿和操练。
(二)围绕中心论述，确保论述的内容直接为主题服务
在上例中，“学生课间时不能只呆在自己的教室里”是主题句，论述时应该紧紧围绕它。有的同学在写的时候先说“学生若课间被允许到其他班级活动，就可以交到更多的朋友”，然后又说“交到更多朋友就可以学到更多知识”，“学到更多知识就可以为社会做出更大的贡献”……这种论述方式貌似环环相扣，承前启后，实则是中心涣散的流水账，说到最后，不仅读者会一头雾水，连作者自己都会忘了自己在说什么。
(三)确立并写好论点，并将其置于每一段的段首
整篇文章有整篇文章的中心论点，每一段落有每一段落的分论点。选取论点时要问一问自己：这一论点是否会让自己信服?如果—个论点连自己都说服不了，就要放弃它。段落论点的呈现不能羞羞答答，犹报琵琶半遮面，也不能深藏不露，让读者去总结和归纳，而必须在文章开篇或段落开头就亮出来。论点置于篇首或段首，才能纲举目张，也是确保不跑题的前提。以下两个例子中，第一个结构松散，群龙无首，令读者不知所云;而第二个例子则中心突出，章法严谨。请看：
1.Firstly，it is very convenient in daily life.There are many shops and supermarkets in a city.I can buy everything I need easily in these places.When I am sick，I can easily see a doctor in any clinic or hospital.Transport services are good in a city.when I want to go somewhere，I can take a bus，a train or something else.There are also many kinds of entertainment in a city.Public buildings(such as libraries)and parks can easity be found in a city，too.
2.First.it is convenient and comfortable to live in a city.To begin with，there is good housing in a city，as all the houses and flats are well-equipped with good facilities and surrounded by modern amenities such as places of entertainment，public libraries and parks.
而中心句的写法也有讲究。中心句必须能高度概括所在段落的论据，它的关键词应该在每—个论据中都有重复或适当体现。那种无关痛痒的叙述或说明性的句子，是不适宜用作中心句的。例如：
1.Students always feel relaxed and happy during breaks.(叙述性句子)
2.Break times are scheduled for about 10 minutes.(说明性句子)
以下即是论述“学校规定‘课间学生只能呆在自己的班级里’对吗?”的一篇学生习作：
Although some people believe that students should stay in their own classrooms during break times，I would like to argue that we should be allowed to spend break times in another class.
The most important reason for believing that is that many students have friends in other classes.We spend all day in our own classroom，and break times are the only time we have to spend with other friends.It can become very tedious(令人厌倦的)to have to spend even more time with the same people.
A further reason for allowing student to choose where they spend their break times is that it would stop arguments.If students are forced to spend time with classmates who are not good friends，they can annoy each other.This leads to problems that have to be sorted out by teachers.
Teachers argue that we all should stay in our own classes，because it is then easier to know what is going on.They say that it is difficult to keep track of students when they are walking round the corridors.However，students could be given the chance to choose a different classroom to spend the whole break time in.That would mean that there would not be any students in the corridors.
As I have explained，although it might be a little easier to manage when everyone stays in their own classroom，it would make break times happier for all students if they were allowed to choose where they spent their time.
这篇范文符合“四块论”的基本模式，正反论述兼顾，结构严谨，中心突出。
二、句子修辞
(一)应用修辞，增强说服力
适当采用比喻、头韵(即连续数个单词的头音或头字母相同)、夸张等修辞手法，采用幽默、平行结构等写作手法，可以把道理说得更加透彻，把观点表达得更加鲜明，把平淡的内容表现得更加生动，从而更好地传递信息，增添文采，激发读者的共鸣。例如：
1.Many people have tried a thousand times before they achieve their goals.(夸张)
2.Only a madman would choose to live in a modern city.(夸张)
3.Our life would be like soup without salt or flowers without sunlight.(比喻)
4.The best way is to reduce，reuse and recycle.(头韵)
5.For children.the Internet is another way to waste more hours.(幽默)
6.If you want to earn a satisfactory grade in the training program，you must arrive punctually，you must behave courteously，and you must study conscientiously.(平行结构)
值得注意的是，比喻等修辞格的使用及谚语等的引用关乎作者对英语文化的理解，因为它们在英语中的意义往往与我们的理解大相径庭，很容易误用。只有多多学习，认真分析它们的应用环境，使用起来才能锦上添花。如果没有十分的把握，切不可生搬硬套，否则会适得其反。
(二)表达到位，才能言之成理
通常，作者对自己论述的观点是清楚的，但在将观点传达给读者时，往往因为用词不准确，逻辑欠严密，或因受中国式思维的干扰而令表达不到位，结果使读者如堕五里雾中。作者应站在读者的立场上考虑问题，始终牢记“读者明不明白”才是判断写作是否成功的最重要标准。请看以下几个表达不到位的例句及其改正方法。
1.They gave me what I need，but not what I want.
析：want可译为“想要”。从汉语角度看，整个句子是流畅的，但从英语的逻辑上看，want与need的意义极易混淆，因此整个句子意义表达不到位，含糊不清。可以改为：They have given me what I need but not What I often ask for.
2.Maybe there are also some disadvantages of living in a city，but I think they are less important.I feel convenient and comfortable.
析：句子后半部分的逻辑关系未交代清楚，令人有“前语不搭后语“的感觉。可以改为：There are surely disadvantages of living in a city，too，but they are less important and tend to be de-emphasized.For the sake of the advantages mentioned above，I prefer to live in a city.
3.Different people have different choices.Some people like living in a city and some people like living in a village.
析：Choice的含义十分宽泛，因此与后面的like不相称，应改为：Different people have different likes and dislikes.Some like to live in a city，others like to live in a village.
4.The people，the society and so on were quite different from now.
析：The people，the society依然不足以让读者完全理解要论述的话题，可改为：The peopIe，the society and other aspects of life were quite different from now.
5.Thieves should be sentenced for what they have done.
析：使用sentence未免言过其实，应改为：Thieves should be punished for their wrongdoing.
(三)简洁洗练，要言不烦
语言简洁有力，文风干净利落，是议论文的重要特征之一。应该指出的是，好句子并不以长短论英雄，长句未必不简洁，短句未必不哆咳。作者在写作时，只要力求做到“章无冗段，段无冗句，句无冗词”，就可改变当断不断、拖泥带水的现象。
1.The Are No Good Reasons Why Boys and Girls Should Not Be Treated Equally.
析：此为一标题句，此作者滥用双重否定，从而使句子过长。宜改为：Boys and Girls Should Be Given Equal Treatment.
2.For instance，I knew how to communicate with other people and how to look after myself.The most important thing was that I learn to be independent.
析：从意义上讲，look after myself与independent关系紧密，可以合在一起。句子可改为：For instance，I knew how to communicate with others and how to look after myself as an independent girl.
3.Moreover，as some girls study harder than boys，they may be even superior.
析：moreover后若继续用从句，就会干扰读者的思维。可改为：Moreover，some girls are very diligent.As a result，they may prove superior to ordinary boys.
4.What I mean to say is that well-intentioned law-makers sometimes make fools of themselves.
析：what从句并未提供新信息，故可删去。句子可改为：Well-intentioned law—makers sometimes make fools of themselves.
三、词汇运用
(一)多用书面语，少用口头语
相对口头语而言，书面语更能增添文章的厚重感和读者对文章的信任感。下列每一组句子中，第二句都使用了书面语言，用词更加规范，因而比前一个句子略胜—筹。
1.We still have the social problems.
The same social problems still exist today.
2.For me，there is no need for further protection of woodlands.
As far as I’m concerned，further protection of woodlands is not needed.
3.With the development of computer technology, commercial information exchange is becoming easier.
Computers have greatly influenced business communication.
4.Everything has two sides and this problem is quite the same.
Everything has two sides and this issue is not an exception.
(二)使用连接词
在句子间使用连接词，能使文章脉络更加清晰，逻辑关系更加流畅。例如：
1.The water was polluted.As a result，the fish died.
2.However，others think we should have junk food.
3.On the other hand packaging can have many disadvantages.
4.Firstly many people die of passive smoking(被动吸烟)and secondly it can aggravate(使……恶化)lung diseases.
相关的连接词还有：On the contrary，all in all，in short，generally，worse still，on the other hand，in conclusion，as a consequence，hence，also，personally，furthermore，definitely，surely，undoubtedly，obviously，additionally，in addition，moreover，consequently，clearly，besides，as well，likewise，in my opinion，for the sake of，last but not the least，to begin with，firstly(first)，etc.
很多时候，一些常用的句式或句子也能承上启下，使相关的信息得到巧妙的过渡和衔接。例如：
The main reason is that…
I can’t agree more.
Another thing we can’t forget is that…
There is every reason to believe that…
As we all know…
总而言之，一篇好的议论文，总是在结构、逻辑和语言等方面略胜一筹。


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